MKS CMAT · Logical Reasoning
CMAT Statements and Conclusions: Logical Reasoning Practice
In CMAT statements and conclusions questions, your job is not to decide what is usually true. Treat the statements as the entire evidence set and ask whether the conclusion must follow. A plausible conclusion can still fail if the statements allow a counterexample.
These examples are original MKS practice and do not reproduce an official TU paper.
YOUR LEARNING ROUTE
Build the skill. Then apply it.
Translate statements before judging them
“All A are B” means the A group lies completely inside B. It does not mean all B are A. “Some A are B” proves at least one overlap. “No A are B” keeps the two groups separate.
When two “some” statements share a middle group, do not automatically connect their outer groups. “Some books are new” and “some new items are expensive” can describe different new items.
Six original questions
For each question, decide whether the conclusion follows from the statements.
Q1. Shared middle group
Statements: All mentors are readers. Some readers are writers. Conclusion: Some mentors are writers.
- A. Follows
- B. Does not follow
Q2. Two universal statements
Statements: All blue cards are numbered. No numbered card is blank. Conclusion: No blue card is blank.
- A. Follows
- B. Does not follow
Q3. Some plus all
Statements: Some teachers are runners. All runners are disciplined. Conclusion: Some teachers are disciplined.
- A. Follows
- B. Does not follow
Q4. Negative link
Statements: No calculator is a phone. Some devices are phones. Conclusion: Some devices are not calculators.
- A. Follows
- B. Does not follow
Q5. Transitive universal link
Statements: All analysts are careful thinkers. All careful thinkers check evidence. Conclusion: All analysts check evidence.
- A. Follows
- B. Does not follow
Q6. Two particular statements
Statements: Some books are new. Some new items are expensive. Conclusion: Some books are expensive.
- A. Follows
- B. Does not follow
PAUSE · CHECK · IMPROVE
Use the next section as an action step.
Keep your working and source notes. Record what was uncertain, then choose one small correction or verification task before moving on.
Answers and reasoning
Q1 — B, does not follow. The writer-reader overlap may contain readers who are not mentors. The statements do not force any mentor to be a writer.
Q2 — A, follows. Every blue card is numbered, and no numbered card is blank. Therefore, a blue card cannot be blank.
Q3 — A, follows. At least one teacher is a runner. Every runner is disciplined, so that teacher must be disciplined.
Q4 — A, follows. The devices that are phones cannot be calculators because no calculator is a phone. Therefore, some devices are not calculators.
Q5 — A, follows. Analysts are inside the careful-thinker group, which is inside the evidence-checking group. The containment passes through.
Q6 — B, does not follow. The new books and the expensive new items may be different objects. Two “some” statements do not guarantee the same member.
Use the counterexample test
If you think a conclusion does not follow, try to imagine a situation where every statement is true but the conclusion is false. If such a case is possible, the conclusion is not forced. If no counterexample is possible because the groups are fully linked, it follows.
Avoid outside knowledge, probability and personal belief. “Most mentors probably write” is irrelevant when the statements do not say it.
Open the Logical Reasoning guide or practise directions and relationships.
Questions and explanations are original MKS learning material. Study scenes are AI-generated illustrations.
Keep your preparation moving.
Explore the wider CMAT learning route or find current class information with MKSPrep.
